Ready. Set. Go.

  There are two main parts of the cerebellum: Cerebellar cortex:  A layer containing folded tissue containing most of the cerebellum's neurons Cerebellar nuclei : The innermost part of the cerebellum containing nerve cells that communication information from the cerebellum The cerebellum makes up just 10% of the total volume of the brain, yet it contains an estimated 50% 1  to 80% 2  of the brain's  neurons .  Affected Cerebellum Lobules in the ADHD Brain References Berquin PC, Giedd JN, Jacobsen LK, Hamburger SD, Krain AL, Rapoport JL, Castellanos FX. Cerebellum in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a morphometric MRI study. Neurology. 1998 Apr;50(4):1087-93. doi: 10.1212/wnl.50.4.1087. PMID: 9566399. Llinas RR, Walton KD, Lang EJ (2004). “Ch. 7 Cerebellum”. In Shepherd GM. The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. New York: Oxford University Press Goddard, Reflexes learning and behaviour, 2005 Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS. The underestimated cerebe...

  Every year, poor reading outcomes cost taxpayers more than 225 billion dollars (NCES, 2005) . The US economy spends 100 billion each year to fund unemployment ( Staiger & Waldmann, 2017) and underemployment (Faraone & Biederman &, 2006). In 2015, the National Adult Literacy Survey revealed that 44 million Americans were categorized as “functionally illiterate” (UNESCO, 2015).  This means that 23% of adults do not have reading skills beyond the 4th-grade level (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2007).   Research states that “functionally illiterate” individuals lack the ability to implement reading, writing, and mathematical skills that prolong one’s personal, occupational, or societal development ( Vagvolgy, et al., 2016) .  Research shows that low achievement in literacy leads to substandard job performance (Biederman et al., 2008), criminality (Mannuzza, 2008), higher rates of criminal recidivism (Drakeford, 2002), and mortality (Bardon...

Every year, poor reading outcomes cost taxpayers more than 225 billion dollars (NCES, 2005) . The US economy spends 100 billion each year to fund unemployment ( Staiger & Waldmann, 2017) and underemployment (Faraone & Biederman &, 2006). In 2015, the National Adult Literacy Survey revealed that 44 million Americans were categorized as “functionally illiterate” (UNESCO, 2015).  This means that 23% of adults do not have reading skills beyond the 4th-grade level (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2007).   Research states that “functionally illiterate” individuals lack the ability to implement reading, writing, and mathematical skills that prolong one’s personal, occupational, or societal development ( Vagvolgy, et al., 2016 ).  Research shows that low achievement in literacy leads to substandard job performance (Biederman et al., 2008), criminality (Mannuzza, 2008), higher rates of criminal recidivism (Drakeford, 2002), and mortality (Bardone et al...

  Topic : The Solidification of Terms: Why It Matters? Thought questions :  How can baseline terminology influence or disrupt individual/collective perspectives? Can definitions lead to stigmas?  How can we avoid generalizing & stigmatizing? In the course of my research journey, I've discovered the importance of not only understanding the core of baseline terminology but also how these meanings shape our perspective of mental health issues.  I spent time exploring the various definitions of ADHD. What is the definition of ADHD? According to the American Psychiatric Association , Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is “one of the most common health disorders, affecting approximately 5 to 10% of children in the United States. The hallmarks of the syndrome of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms of this condition are expressed in multiple settings and across numerous functional domains, thus demonstrating the pervasiveness of ...

In thinking about the main goals of my literature review, I think it's important for me to consider the educational & scientific perspectives that shape my subject of interest. I am interested in the neuroscience of reading and how the human brain learns to read . I'm also interested in how the human brain learns to  switch  from learning to read to reading to learn .   My specific study of interest is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD ). I selected this area of investigation because I was born with an ADHD brain and so are many others.  Research suggests that Leonardo DaVinci & Albert Einstein could have been born with ADHD brains too. Leonardo DaVinci Albert Einstein

 Identify the Problem

 As I reflect on my plans and procedures before writing my literature review, it is quite evident that the creation of an outline is necessary. I started to review my main & sub argumentation and asked myself, "how can I extract sub-arguments?" First I started looking at my main arguments, and I asked myself, "what are my main arguments?" In order to extract my main arguments, I asked myself, what are the most important parts of my why? Why am I writing this proposal? What is the bigger theme that surrounds my entire purpose?   7 Main Arguments: 1. ADHD is a brain health problem, a neuropsychological disorder, characterized by genetic underpinnings. 2. It's difficult to teach literacy to students with ADHD using traditional approaches (a better approach is needed).  3. Many special education students who suffer from literacy deficiencies become a part of the criminal system.  4. Long-term effects of ADHD produce severe comorbidities, such as anxiety & de...

Locate Errors in Flow of Concept & Revise Locating error in the thought process is critical Revise the map The stronger the map, it becomes more likely that you will create a well informed & thoughtful outline

 Revised My PS & CM

 So, I have just completed my first concept map. Now, I am wondering about my next steps. As I navigate my way through my doctoral drafting process, my next 3 steps are 1. Review my concept map. 2. Review/Revise my problem statement 3. Create an outline for my literature review  So, lets review the steps that I have engaged in so far. Step 1: Write & Get Problem Statement approved Step 2: Create a Concept Map Step 3: Review Problem Statement (PS) to ensure that it's aligned with your concept map Step 4: Revise PS as necessary Step 5: Review of Concept Map Step 6: Edit PS & Check for alignment between the main & sub-arguments  Step 7: When finished with steps 1-6, Create an outline that includes the main & sub-arguments to guide the development of constructing the literature review. Step 8: Write the literature review based on your logic model (concept map)

 My first concept map Date of Map: 10/18/20 Purpose: To visualize the flow of concepts Digital Tool Used: Lucid Chart Total Time: 45 minutes Lucid Map View Below

 Day 1      Today is the first day that I am beginning my proposal writing process. In preparing for this journey, I think it's important to consider the planning process by creating a plan that works for you. So, we might begin by asking the following questions: What does planning look like at the doctoral level? How does effective planning play out for one's proposal? How can we maximize our time? Why is it important to say "no" to any activitiy that is not aligned with your goals, learning, writing, and researching?      For me, a major aspect of this planning process involved creating a concept map as recommended by my teacher leadership advisor. I really loved her idea because this method allowed me flush out my thoughts. For example, I began to think about my "why?" Why am I writing this proposal? What is the purpose? Who is my audience? What is my main topic and argument? What are the most important sub topics that relate to my main topic? I lis...